From the Spanish Inquisition to Now Ethnography of the Subculture of Catholicism in Spain - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2264 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Culture Essay Level High school Tags: Ethnographic Essay Did you like this example? PREFACE Ever since I was a little girl I have been Catholic. From Catholic school as an elementary student, to attending Sunday School classes as I traversed through public high school, I can safely say I have experienced life as an American Catholic. A few months ago I had traveled to Spain as a graduation gift from my dad. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "From the Spanish Inquisition to Now Ethnography of the Subculture of Catholicism in Spain" essay for you Create order I was in Spain with my dad, stepmom, and stepsister from May to June. We were lucky enough to spend an entire two weeks traveling all over Spain. Within those first few days, we all met up with an old friend of my stepmoms that has lived in Spain his whole life. He and his family are all Catholics. In school I had always been aware that Catholicism played a big role in Spain, which was especially emphasized in my history classes. But being present in Spain, and being surrounded by this subculture that breathes throughout the country is what hammered that fact into my brain: that Spain has a deep-rooted subculture of Catholicism. Ever since coming to this realization, Ive wanted to explore deeper into this subculture and how it is different from my subculture here in the United States. I know that Catholicism is a religion that celebrates universally throughout the world, but I wanted to discover the subtle differences between how Spanish Catholics celebrate and how American Catholics celebrate Catholicism. Whenever I think of Catholicism, I think of older, elderly men and women that attend church every single Sunday, as well as families that take their newborn babies to Mass, and how they inevitably leave in the middle of the service to keep them from disturbing the Mass. When I think of Catholicism in Spain, however, its different. I think of beautiful cathedrals, and people of all ages attending Mass. I imagine the presence of tradition being heavy on the congregation as everyone lifts their hearts to God. This, of course, is only an idea that I have created in my head from assumptions I have made as a person from another continent. And until this year, I hadnt experienced anything to change those assumptions. While I was in Spain, I had expected the churches and cathedrals to be absolutely stunning, and not too much different from the cathedrals here in Alabama. I also expected the Masses to either be told in Spanish or Latin, depending on if the cathedral was especially traditiona l or not. I also expected everything that had to deal with the Mass to be serious, maybe even more strict and serious than in the United States. This thought doesnt really make sense because the Church is universal so all the practices have to be held pretty much the same way. What I mean by more serious and strict is how the congregation reacts towards the Mass. I feel that the people attending church are more quiet and respectful when it comes to their young children crying. I also feel that the same demographics will be represented in the service. I believe that a lot of the service will be attended by the elderly, especially since as people get closer in age to dying, they are more likely to stick to their religious and moral beliefs alittle closer than they did as a young adult (White). As a result, these elderly people make up the majority of the catholic congregation. Since the elderly are more set in their ways, they are more likely to favor tradition, so I concluded that th e Spanish Masses would be more steeped in tradition than the American Masses. I was able to handful of churches while in Spain in different locations and cities throughout the country, and I was lucky enough to stand in while a Mass was being held. Before doing so, I had expected solemnity, structure, and beautiful to be present and consistent in each church that I visited in Spain. This, I had expected, would be a very amazing experience to view a similar subculture to my through an outsiders eyes. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Catholicism was first introduced to Spain in the early first century by the Visigoths. The Visigoths were part of the Germanic tribes that took over after the Roman Empire collapsed (Mark). Then by the eighth century and until the fifteenth century, the Arabs and Berbers conquered Spain and held control. The Islamic religion then spread throughout the country during that long period. For the majority of the Middle Ages, Spain was constantly being fought over by the Muslims (then known as the Moors) and the Christians. This period of warfare greatly impacted Spain and is referred to as the Reconquista. After this Reconquista, King Ferdinand the Second and Queen Isabella the First of Castile came into power. By the urging of Queen Isabella, the Spanish Inquisition was put into power in 1478. The purpose of the Spanish Inquisition was to drive out the non-believers from Spain. These non-believers included the Moors, the Jews, the Protestants, and other people labeled as heretics in the eyes of the Catholic Church (Kreger). The counter reformation was an effort in the sixteenth century Spain to keep the Catholic faith alive throughout the country. This counter reformation was successful and the influence of Protestants was greatly diminished. During the eighteenth century was the height of the Catholic Churchs power to the government. Finally, from the nineteenth century and onwards, the Catholic faith as a power over Spain has decreased. This is especially prevalent through the Spanish Civil war, which lasted from 1936-1939, and this war was mainly caused by how much of a role the Catholic Church should have in Spains government. Once the Socialist party took over Spains government fourteen years ago, some legislation that directly goes against what the Catholic Church believes have been passed, which gives evidence as to how important of a role the Catholic Church is in Spains government currently (Phillips). I visited a number of churches and cathedrals while I was in Spain. These churches were the Basilica of Saint Mary of the Chorus in San Sebasti?- n, the Church of Saint Lorenzo in Valencia, and the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona. OBSERVATIONAL DATA AND ANALYSIS 25 May 2018 (11:00 p.m.-11:30 p.m.); 27 May 2018 (5:00 p.m.-5:30 p.m.); 31 May 2018 (7:50 p.m.-8:30 p.m.); 3 June 2018 (3:30 p.m.-4:00 p.m.); 4 June 2018 (6:30 p.m.- 8:00 p.m.) The Basilica of Saint Mary of the Chorus, 25-27 May 2018 (11:00 p.m.-11:30 p.m.) (5:00 p.m.-5:30 p.m.) This was the first time that I visited a church in Spain. This church is located in the Old Town part of San Sebasti?- n, which is located in northern Spain. The Old Town had cobblestone pavements that had been there since the city was founded. I could even see the parts of the street where they were still inverted, which was originally so that whenever someone dumped their toilets onto the streets, the fluids would run into the center of the street. In modern times, those canals in the middle of the streets are filled with similar looking cobblestone. Located in the middle of the Old Town is the Bas? ­lica de Nuestra Se? ±ora del Coro. It was built in the eighteenth century in the Baroque style. Over the years, more modern sculptures have been added, however, such as the sculpture by a famous Spanish artist, Eduardo Chillida (San Sebasti?- n Turismo). There was currently no Mass being held on the 25th of May, especially considering how the church was closed. According to our fam ily friend Javier, people would sit on the steps of the church to drink and have conversations well into midnight. It is part of the culture of that city, to bar-hop after a 10:00 p.m. dinner, and to congregate around the church. Taking part in that little piece of culture was very new to me. In the United States, you have to be 21 in order to drink alcohol, but in Spain you only have to be 18. I was old enough to take part in the night life in Spain. I didnt feel like much of an outsider while sitting on the churchs steps and drinking, but it was definitely a somewhat weird experience to be drinking in front of a church so casually and so late at night. The second time I visited the church, I was able to take a peek inside. The church on the inside (and outside) looked how I had envisioned the old churches of Spain would look. It was beautifully decorated from the ceiling to the floor in Christian imagery. Statues lined every spare inch of the outside of the church, and the inside was beautifully represented in all different types of warm colors like light blue, red, silver, and gold. It also cost money to enter and receive a tour of the church, which was about ?‚ ¬3-5, depending on how long of a tour you wanted. I wasnt able to afford taking a tour at the time, so I was only able to look around for a short time. The Church of Saint Lorenzo, 31 May 2018 (7:50 p.m.-8:30 p.m.)I was able to stand in the back of this church whilst a service was being held. I was not able to stay long because my family and I had to go out to eat dinner. While I stood in the back of the church, I paid enough attention to know that the Mass was being held in Spanish. This church wasnt as beautifully adorned as the one in San Sebasti?- n, but it was still beautiful. I would compare the amount of decoration and traditional imagery to the Cathedral of Saint Paul in Birmingham, Alabama. The Sagrada Familia, 3-4 June 2018 (3:30 p.m.-4:00 p.m.) (6:30 p.m.-8:00 p.m.)I was lucky enough that I was able to view the magnificence of the Sagrada Familia from both the outside and the inside. And I am proud to say that I attended service there as well. In my first visit however, I was only able to view the outside of the Sagrada Familia because all of the tickets had sold out. I have never seen such magnificence in my entire life. The architect, Antoni Gaud? ­, designed it all so that he could bring glory to the Holy Family. It was his way of showing his faithfulness and respect to the Holy Mother Mary as well. The second time I visited the Sagrada Familia, I was able to buy a ticket to get in. The inside was just as gorgeous, if not more. I visited the basilica at just the right time where the sun was shining through all of the stained glass that adorned every window. It was the most beautiful experience I had ever had. I also found out through my time spent there that anyone can attend Mass there for free on Sundays. I imagine it would be hard to find seating if someone came in late to the service, but to just have the ability to go to church every Sunday at the Sagrada Familia just blows my mind. CONCLUSION The Basilica of Saint Mary of the Chorus, 25-27 May 2018 (11:00 p.m.-11:30 p.m.) (5:00 p.m.-5:30 p.m.) This basilica confirmed my hypothesis that the churches in Spain are more traditional than the churches here in the United States are. The Church of Saint Lorenzo, 31 May 2018 (7:50 p.m.-8:30 p.m.) This church confirmed my hypothesis that the Masses of at least some churches in Spain are held in Spanish. This church however also brought to my attention that not all churches in Spain are as heavily influenced by tradition as others appear to be. This church more so reminded me of the fancier churches here in Alabama than the beautiful and heavily serious churches I had originally thought Spanish churches would be like. The Sagrada Familia, 3-4 June 2018 (3:30 p.m.-4:00 p.m.) (6:30 p.m.-8:00 p.m.) This basilica was an outlier in my research. This is one of the most famous basilicas in the world because it has taken over one hundred years for its structure to be completed. It is still in construction today. This confirmed all of my theories that the Spanish people are more so heavily influenced than United States Americans to take pride in their Catholicism. That might also be a bias in my part because of where I live and what I have experienced here in Alabama as a Catholic. Overall, this was one of the best experiences I have ever had the privilege to experience. To be able to be an outsider in a place where my very distant ancestors once lived, and to experience the daily life of people that are similar in faith to me has been a blessing. It has opened my eyes as to how people of the same religion can still experience small (or large) differences in their daily lives. WORKS CITED White, Lawrence T. Why are Old People So Religious? Psychology Today, Sussex Publishers, 16 Feb, 2016, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/culture-conscious/201602/ . Mark, Joshua J.Visigoth.Ancient History Encyclopedia, 4 Dec, 2018, www.ancient.eu/visigoth. Kreger, Kristin. The Spanish Inquisition. Then Again, 5 May 1997, www.thenagain.info/WebChron/WestEurope/SpanInqui.html. Phillips, Michael. Walking on Water: The Catholic Church, Historical Memory, and Human Rights in Spain. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, vol.3, no.2, 2013, pp.286-310., doi;10.1093/ojlr/rwt040. San Sebasti?- n Turismo. Parte Vieja Donosiarra. San Sebasti?- n Tourism, 2018, www.sansebastianturismo.com/es/hacer/que-ver-san-sebastian/parte-vieja-donostarria

Antebellum Slavery And The American Revolution - 885 Words

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The Great Poet Ali Akbat Dehkhoda English Literature Essay Free Essays

However, one should non bury the fact that the outgrowth of newspapers and magazines in Iran opens a new way for political and literary arguments which were all led to societal consciousness of the populace and the upliftment of literary infinites. Like Romantic Poets such as Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth and John Keats, E’tesami experienced a short tragic life: A short period matrimony to her male parent ‘s cousin lasted merely 10 hebdomads, decease of her male parent, whom she attached excessively much, followed by her ain decease three old ages subsequently at the age of 30 four. Her sudden decease Shocked the whole state and was mourned by 1000s. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Poet Ali Akbat Dehkhoda English Literature Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hence, Parvin ‘s short life did non interfere her great celebrity in which she has achieved among Iranians. The genius girl of E’tesam-al-Molk through his encouragement began her gustatory sensation in poesy since her early childhood at around age seven or eight. She composed some literary pieces which were translated from western texts by her male parent. Parvin ‘s poesy followed the Classical Persian tradition both in signifier and content. And the reformatory position of Modern Persian poets such as Nima Yushij, Sohrab Sepehri, which led to a great literary motion, remained unaffected or possibly denied by her. E’tesami published a †Divan † , a book of poesy, consisted of 156 verse forms in 1935, with an debut by the great poet and scholar Mohammad Taqi Bahar. After her decease, Abol Fathe E’tesami, her brother, published the 2nd edition of her book including 209 composings in the signifier of Ghazal, a love vocal like Lyric and assorted other signifiers of Iranian poesy like †Qasideh † , †Qet’e † which are all short pairs. They were all followed the didactic and philosophical manners of Sanai, Naser Khosrow or even Manuchehri in eleventh and 12th centuries. Her Divan gives small room for Ghazal, but harmonizing to Professor Heshmat Moayyed those few Ghazals of hers, including 5 verse forms entitled †Arezooha † [ Longings ] and †Safar e Ashk † [ Journey of a Tear ] are regarded as the best illustrations of lyric of all time written in Persian. Along with her Divan she versified 75 anecdotes, fabrications and fables. †She is best known for her stamp, fable-like fragments written in traveling tones † conveying her moralistic idealogy. However, E’tesami ‘s controversial poetic signifier, the †Monazere † [ Debate ] claimed the largest parts of her Divan. She composed 65 verse forms in Monazere manner. Moayyed stated that E’tesami ‘s Hagiographas were largely about † work forces and adult females of different societal backgrounds, a wide-ranging array of animate beings, birds, flowers, trees, cosmic and natural elements, objects of day-to-day life, abstract constructs, all personified and typifying her wealth of thoughts. † Influenced by Mysticism and Fatalism in some of her verse forms she talked of the doctrine of life as in here: The narrative of fate is madness and it ‘s non luck to fall from the roof and state it was destiny Acting is the best wing in the Eden of cognition in the land of being, art is the best wealth Search although your will is superior to believe Thrive although your way leads to the firedrake ‘s oral cavity Moayyed believed that through personification and symbol E’tesami visualized the immoralities of society and the loss of moral committedness. And through her Monazeres [ Debates ] she expressed her ain position about † life, decease, societal justness, moralss, instruction and the supreme importance of cognition. † Her formative old ages were spent in Tehran, the capital metropolis, where her household moved from Tabriz to Tehran for better life style and instruction. E’tesami ‘s formal schooling was in the American Girls College in Tehran, a celebrated school where she taught at that place for a piece instantly after her graduation. She was invited to go the Queen ‘s coach for the new Pahlavi tribunal, but she refused. She declined that invitation for she opposed Reza Shah for his indifference towards the atrociousnesss and developments done in her state. Alternatively, she joined the library of the Teacher Training College for several months. Mohammad Taqi Bahar and Parvin E’tesami are considered as the most famed classical poets have of all time risen since the 19th century. Bahar is known as the †King of Poets † who played a important function in the † outgrowth and development of Iranian literature as a distinguishable genre † in the beginning of the 20th century. His verse forms largely dealt with the socio-political facets of Iran. Other distinguished figures in classical poesy are Mirzadeh Eshghi, Aref Ghazvini and Shahriyar. Among all singular plants, †Monazere † [ argument ] revealed the extremum of her mastermind. Monazere is the argument between two objects or two individuals, where this technique revived by Parvin since Sasanid and Ghaznavid ‘s dynasties like Abu-al-gasem Ansari. She was besides influenced by the Greek and Gallic fabrications of Aesop and La Fontaine. E’tesami highlights the Arguments by conveying a †thesis and a corresponding antithesis † together with the conventional imagination and intense duologues and the concluding lines as her ain point of views. One of the most celebrated Arguments of hers called †Mast Virginia Hoshyar † [ The Drunk and the Sober ] won great esteem among Romantic poets, which was popularized as the best argument of all time written and regarded as the mirror of the societal and political background of the age. Her prowess is confined to portray the existent Dark place of high governments in the society including †Judge † , †Governor † , †Sheriff † and the mere †Municipal † , where the Municipal Police Officer caught a ‘Drunk but Aware Man ‘ in the center of the dark and decided to take him to the Judge ‘s house, the Governor ‘s castle or the Sheriff ‘s for enquiry or test, yet the Drunkard remarked that the Municipal should wait till dawn for the Judge is asleep and the governor must be hangover at that minute. In this verse form E’tesami by conveying a analogue between the Drunkard and the Sober pictured the instability of any higher societal ranks, where no 1 is in his proper topographic point or does his responsibility. Even when the Municipal suggested the Arrested Man to travel to †Masjid † [ Mosque ] till the twenty-four hours after, this chap claimed that Masjid is n’t a inn for such a criminal like him. The Municipal ‘s demand for compensation or his apparels was rejected, because the hapless Drunk did n’t even hold a penny or proper apparels to put himself free. E’stesami raised her inquiring and challenging of the system in her last line, when the Officer claimed that harmonizing to the Laws of the State, he should happen a Sober to flog the Drunk. In response the Drunk laughed calmly and stated: †Bring a Sober, here no organic structure is sober † The American College Parvin E’tesami became familiarity with the civilizations of the West. E’tesam-al-Molk took her to different parts of Iran and even foreign states like Europe and Iraq. Through these trips, Parvin gained the cognition he had gained over old ages of reading and interpreting Western civilizations and traditions which drew inspiration for her in organizing the chief subjects of her poesy such as humanitarianism, liberalism. The literary assemblages held in their house went around issues of Persian civilization and life style. They normally discussed over †the Oppression of Reza Shah Pahlavi ‘s government, instruction, Women ‘s predicament and the jobs of the helot † and Parvin was the lasting participants of these meetings. The impact of all these great figures is reflected in her poesy. The twenty old ages of creativeness from 1921 till her decease displayed an †astonishing adulthood of idea and trade † of this 20th century Persian poet. Throughout her poesy she ever looked for societal justness for the Masses, particularly Women. She brings out the predicament of adult females and their subjugations in verse forms like †Iranian Women † : Once a adult female in Iran was about non-Iranian. All she did was struggle through dark and distressful yearss. Her life she spent in isolation ; she died in isolation. What was she so if non a captive? None of all time lived centuries in darkness like her. None was sacrificed on the communion table of lip service like her. In the tribunals of justness no informant defended her. To the school of larning she was non admitted. All her life her prohibitionists for justness remained ignored. This subjugation occurred publically ; it was no secret. Many work forces appeared cloaked as her shepherd. Within each a wolf was concealing alternatively. Or in â€Å" A Woman ‘s Topographic point † : aˆÂ ¦.. Plato and Socrates were great because the female parents Who nurtured them were themselves great. Loghman was succored by his female parent in the cradle Long earlier attending at school made him a philosopher. Whether heroes or mystics, abstainers or legal expert, They all were first students in her school. How can a kid with no female parent learn to love? A land with no swayer offers no safety and order. There is non adequate information about Parvin E’tesami ‘s personal life except a little book of essays and verse forms published on her first day of remembrance in 1944 in Tehran. Her familiarities claimed that she was an honest, straightforward but mild adult female. She had an eternal passion in larning and contending against the dictatorship of male monarchs and great sympathy towards the multitudes. She besides offered moral solutions related to the world of life. E’tesami ‘s differentiation was due to her word picture of †spiritual truth, exalted humane constructs, plaint for poorness, favoritism † and category consciousness. However, much of her plants were the acrimonious and rough unfavorable judgment of societal and political unfairness. In â€Å" The Old Woman ‘s Lament † she challenged the legitimacy of the authorities, in â€Å" The Wretched † she portrayed poorness and protested against societal spread between the rich and the hapless. Mostly her poesy has the colour of morality. The unexpected decease of E’tesam-al-Molk secluded her from the society for she afterwards lost touch with the literary circles which had ever encouraged her. Furthermore, possibly within the patriarchal mainstream of literary society, Parvin E’tesami had no agent or shelter in showing her plants. However, as a adult female poet she managed to set up her place in the literary infinite through her human-centered mentality. How to cite The Great Poet Ali Akbat Dehkhoda English Literature Essay, Essay examples